Bless Me Ultima Snippet Jounal Essay Research free essay sample

Bless Me Ultima Snippet Jounal Essay, Research Paper Page 13 / Chapter 1 As Ultima walked past me I smelled for the first clip a hint of the sweet aroma of herbs that ever lingered in her aftermath. Many old ages subsequently, long after Ultima was gone and I had grown to be a adult male, I would rouse sometimes at dark and believe I caught a aroma of her aroma in the cool-night zephyr. This transition is Important to the novel because It proves in the really beginning of the book what an impact this character, Ultima, has had on Anthony s life. It lets the reader become cognizant of her actions and presence, early on. It is besides here that we get a first clip sense of a charming, animal scene. Page 15 / Chapter 2 I had been afraid of the atrocious presence of the river, which was the psyche of the river, but through her I had learned that my spirit shared in the spirit of all things. We will write a custom essay sample on Bless Me Ultima Snippet Jounal Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But the artlessness, which our isolation sheltered, could non last everlastingly, and the personal businesss of the town began to make across our span and enter my life. Ultima s bird of Minerva gave the warning that the clip of peace on our hill was pulling to an terminal. Through out the novel, H2O is sin associated. Here is where it is foremost presented to us, and it leaves the reader with a bad vibration about the river. This is even before Antonio even learned about the fable of the Golden Carp and the wickednesss of the people sentenced to populate in the river everlastingly, therefore subsequently, this gives us a sense of supernatural power invested in Antonio. It besides foreshadows the coming events in the novel, and gives us a beautiful metaphor, the town personal businesss of the town began to make across our span and enter my life. It paints a image for us that all had been good and peaceable at Antonio s place, but the town had been corrupt for a period of clip now. A nd with Anthony go toing school and seeing more of the town on a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours footing, it allows an increasing sum of wickedness to be seen, heard and Commiting. This is besides where we have the first glance of the supernatural power of Ultima s bird of Minerva. Through the novel it attempts to protect Anthony s household against evil Page 33 / Chapter 3 She laughed. I am get downing to understand why your female parent calls you the interrogator, she said. But I want to cognize, there are so many things I want to cognize, I insisted. A curandera can non give away her secrets, she said, but if a individual truly wants to cognize, so he will listen and see and be patient. Knowledge comes slowly- Here we are introduced to Anthony s speculative head as he matures. This is a trait that Anthony portrays for the most portion of the novel. This is besides what gets him in problem and causes his confusion with the three conflicting beliefs. He is eager to cognize EVERYTHING and asks many inquiries. Ultima s wisdom is besides shown here. She has a manner of speaking to Anthony that makes him understand and listen more carefully. And due to this, Anthony grows a close bond to her. Page 39 / Chapter 4 For Ultima, even the workss had a spirit, and before I dug she made me talk to the works and state it why we pulled it from it s place in the Earth. You that grow good here in the arroya nut the moistness of the river, we lift you to do good medical specialty, Ultima intoned quietly and I found myself reiterating after her. Anthony learns many things from Ultima, and most of import is the regard for ALL living things. When Anthony goes to roll up herbs with her, he is taught that he is taking a life, and that he must give thanks to the works s psyche. Page 50 / Chapter 5 Then the bird of Minerva cried ; it sang to the million starts that dotted the dark-blue sky, the Virgin s gown. All was watched over, all was cared for. I slept. Here the bird of Minerva is given a mention to the Virgin s gown ( the stars ) . Anthony associates this with Eden and hence the bird of Minerva is good if it is singing to God and heaven. His head is so at peace cognizing that Ultima s bird of Minerva is so in bend Good. Page 55 / Chapter 6 Once I did non do the mark of the cross on intent. I challenged the air current to strike me. The twister struck with such force that it knocked me off my pess and left me trembling on the land. I had neer felt such fright before, because as the whirlwind blew its dust around me the spurting air current seemed to name me name: Antoniooooooooooo Because of Anthony s speculative head, he offers to dispute God. When is struck by the whirlwind, he is scared and trembling, because he knows that he had sinned by doubting God, and he had merely been knocked on his butt to turn out it. Page 61 / Chapter 7 Give us your manus Sweet brother. Give us your salvaging manus. We are the giants who are deceasing We have seen th e land of the aureate carp Then there was a loud crashing of subdivisions behind me and I turned and saw the three dark figures looming over me. This transition is italicized because it is one of Anthony s dreams. In this dream the land of the aureate carp represents wickedness. They have seen it, so hence they have sinned. They reach out to Antonio in their effort to salvage themselves. They tell their brother that they are deceasing, and in that sense, they are speaking about their childhood artlessness within them. The loud clang in the background is most likely the universe around them falling apart. Anthony can merely hear it ; he is unable to see it. Then he turns to see his brother s around him looming over him. His brothers possibly dependent and eager for his aid. Page 67-68 / Chapter 8 I mean papa s dream about traveling to California, and mamma desiring us to settle along the valley- he said. They looked at each other anxiously. All their lives they had lived with the dre ams of their male parent and female parent stalking them, like they haunted me. With this chapter comes a spot of understanding. Anthony, we now see is non the lone kid torn between the Lunas and the Marez. It is of import that Anthony is non entirely in doing a determination between the two lives. Page 80 / Chapter 9 The Gods were really angry. They were traveling to kill all of the people for their wickedness. But one sort God who genuinely loved the people argued against it, and the other Gods were so moved by his love that they relented from killing the people. Alternatively, they turned the people into carp and made them live everlastingly in the Waterss of the river- This is when Anthony is foremost introduced into the fable of the aureate carp, a powerful and mystical narrative of the love of one God for his people. It s besides here that Anthony s belief is split in three ways. It s besides interesting that this can be translated into an event that happened early on in the n ovel. Let s state the many Gods of this narrative equal the people of the town. They were traveling to kill a adult male named Lupito for the wickednesss that he had committed. But one sort adult male, Narcissco who genuinely loved this adult male argued against it, but alternatively of turning them into carp, he was shot dead anyhow. Later, Narcissco would besides be killed and walk everlastingly with Lupito in the land of hereafter. Page 93 / Chapter 10 Give me your face, Ultima demanded. Have you non the strength to confront an old adult female? Why do you maintain your dorsum to me? The thin hunched organic structure jumped up and whirl around. I think I jumped at the sight of his face because you are a bruja! Ultima laughed. Ay Tenorio, she said, you are every bit ugly as your dark psyche. This is a singular event in the novel. I believe that Ultima brought Anthony along to face Tenorio to demo him that he need non be scared of this evil adult male. This transition shows the st rength and bravery of Ultima and her willingness to expose it to the full town. Anthony is taught an of import lesson here: that evil will neer predominate. Page 121 / Chapter 11 The Waterss are one Antonio. I looked into her bright clear eyes and understood her truth. You have been seeing merely parts, she finished, and non looking beyond into the great rhythm that binds us all. Then there was peace in my dreams, and I could rest. This is an highly of import transition in the novel. In Anthony s dream he is given the reply to his firing inquiry through the novel. Although he dose non look to recognize it until the terminal. The Virgin tells Anthony that he needs to step back and expression at the large image. It s about like a mosaic, if you are close to it it s merely fragments and colourss, to see the full image, you have to step back and truly look at it. Page 122 / Chapter 12 Ultima s remedy and the aureate carp occupied my ideas the remainder of the summer. I was turning up and altering. I had plentifulness of clip to be by myself and to believe and experience the charming these events contained. Again we are given the charming feel to the scene. Here we see growing and with growing ever comes some sort of cognition. His funny head still admirations, but now with a spot less urgency, as we can see. Page 141 / Chapter 13 There the emanation stepped and waited for the priest to look. When he came out of the church Tenorio spoke to him and the priest answered. He held his weaponries out as if to exclude entryway to the church and nodded his caput. He was declining the mass for the dead and holy entombment in the campo santo. The air grew tense. There was no stating what Tenorio would make at this abuse ; everyone knew he was brainsick plenty to assail the priest. We get a good feel here for what type of individual Tenorio is, and how the town perceives him. Anthony knows now that Tenorio is genuinely evil if he is non even allow into holy evidences. Tenorio is established here bad, and for Anthony it is of import because everything must be really black and white at this point. Page 176 / Chapter 14 In the lake the aureate carpe appeared He and been witness to everything that happened, and he decided that everyone should last, but in new signifier. He opened his immense oral cavity and swallowed everything, everything that was, good and evil. Then he swam into the bluish velvet of the d ark, glistening as he rose towards the stars. The Moon smiled on him and guided him, and his aureate organic structure burned with such beautiful glare that he became a new Sun in the celestial spheres. A new Sun to reflect it s good visible radiation upon a new Earth. In this dream, it represents Anthony s desire for a new start, a metempsychosis. This manner he knows precisely what is what, since good and immoralities have started to unify overtime. A metempsychosis means that everything is good one time once more and there is no evil. Page 179 / Chapter 15 Just believe Antonio, for the first clip you will keep God in your oral cavity, in your organic structure, in your soul-you will talk to Him, and He will answer- she said to me. And she smiled, and there were cryings in her eyes. Then I will hold the cognition of God? I asked. Yes, she sighed I hope you will utilize your cognition to transport out God s will. We see that Anthony s female parent is still forcing for him to go a Luna, and we get a opportunity to see precisely what sort of methods she uses to carry him in this way. The sigh adds a kind of guilt-trip laid on him, and it makes Anthony feels bad, because his other brother s are considered Marezs, he is her last hope. Page187 / Chapter 16 I would look really hard at the ruddy communion table tapers firing before her pess so I would bow my caput and close my eyes and imagine that I saw her bend to God and state Him precisely what I has asked. And the Lord would agitate His caput and reply, the male child is non yet ready to understand. Anthony possibly makes up a ground that he is non acquiring replies to his many inquiries about life and decease here. But if applied the reply is most true. Anthony is still immature with many inquiries to be asked, but he still has non come to truly listen for the replies ( many of which lye around him ) , therefore in this sense he is non yet ready to understand either. Page 196 / Chapter 17 So I ask myself, he continued, how can God allow this go on to a child. I neer asked to be born. But he gives me birth, a psyche, and puts me here to penalize me. Why? What did I of all time do to Him to merit this, huh? Florence, being one of the lone friends Anthony has that dosage non believe in God brings forth these inquiries, and seeks Anthony for and reply, but the truth is, he can happen no existent ground God would penalize person with out good cause. He doesn t understand why God lets evil exist. Page 209 / Chapter 18 Tony is the priest, Tony is the Priest, yah-yah-yah-yah! They sang and danced around me I grew dizzy. The weight of the jackets on me was heavy and smothering. All right! I cried to pacify them, I shall be your Priest! This transition is a metaphor for the force per unit area Anthony feels from his parents. He feels as though he is being weighed down and he feels if he dose what is wanted of him, possibly he won t suffocate any longer. It s interesting that the writer uses the w ord appease alternatively of the usual please in this transition, because appease is the base word for calming, which is normally used in mention to avoiding war. Page 221 / Chapter 19 I closed my eyes and concentrated. I have merely swallowed Him. He must be in at that place! For a minute, on the communion table railing, I thought I had felt his heat, but so everything moved so fast. There wasn T clip merely to sit and detect Him, like I could make when I sat on the creek bank and watched the aureate carp swim in the sun-filtered Waterss. This transition is of import because it shows how na ve Anthony still seems to be, but at the same times shows that that childhood artlessness still resides within him. Unlike that of his brothers who have seemed to hold stopped believing. Page 228 / Chapter 20 And there is no beauty like this Earth, Ultima said. They looked at each other and smiled, and I realized that from these two people I had learned to love the charming beauty of the broad, free Earth. From my female parent I had learned that adult male is of the Earth, that his clay pess are portion of the land that nourishes him, and that it is this inextricable mixture that gives adult male his step of safety and security But from my male parent and Ultima I had learned that the greater immortality is in the freedom of adult male, and that freedom is best nourished by the baronial sweep of land and air and pure, white sky. Here Anthony seems to take into perspective the best of both universes. On his portion this dosage demo some growing. He understands how his female parent and male parent both think and is now seeking to entwine them. This is of import because this is one of the lone times in the novel when Anthony speaks of the two sides compromisingly. Page 237 Chapter 21 You have to take, Tony, Cico said, you have to take between the God of the church, or the beauty that is here and now- He pointed and I looked into the dark clear H2O of the brook. Two brown ca rp swam from under the brush into the unfastened. Again Anthony feels pressured to take and is relapsed into that phase of division. He finds the aureate carp narrative easier to believe in here, since there is physical cogent evidence that lays before him, where in, Ultima s power and Catholicism relies on largely faith. The two brown carp coming out of the brush could be a metaphor for Tony coming out of the dark and into the visible radiation at this point of the novel. Page 260 / Chapter 22 My work was to make good, she continued, I was to mend the ill and demo them the way of goodness. But I was non to interfere with the fate of any adult male. Those who wallow in immorality and brujeria can non understand this. They create a inharmoniousness that in the terminal reaches out and destruct life- Here is the point where Anthony comes to recognize that it is non the beliefs that he needs to take between, it is the way of good and evil. And because he believes in the goodness of peo ple, he besides believes in Ultima, his female parent and Cico s narrative of the aureate carp. There is an apprehension because he sees the whole image. Snippet Jounal Cassandra Castillo

Gettsyburg essays

Gettsyburg essays During 1863, the Civil War continued to wage on between the two extremely divided factions. In the first two years of the Civil War, neither side had gained any real advantage. Thirty-three conflicts occurred leading up to the Battle of Gettysburg, some major and some minor, but none had the effect that Gettysburg had on the course of the Civil War. This decisive battle occurred during the first three days of July 1863, which changed the course of the Civil War and determined the fate of the United States. Gettysburg was a small market town of 2400 at this time, in southern Pennsylvania, located at a spot where a number of small roads converged. Although neither commander of the armies was prepared for, nor wanted to fight in this region, it proved to be a pivotal point in the Civil War. The Battle of Gettysburg was ultimately the turning point in the Civil War because it put the South on the defensive for the rest of the war and definitively ended in the defeat of the Confed erate States. Although the location and timing of the Battle of Gettysburg was almost an accident, the fact that a huge battle took place in Pennsylvania in July 1863 was certainly no accident. General Robert E. Lee, the commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, had chosen a course that meant a major battle was almost unavoidable. Two months earlier, General Lee found himself at a dilemma. He had recently defeated the federal Army of the Potomac, in a daring example of superior generalship at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Although Chancellorsville had been a decisive victory for the Confederacy, Lee himself knew that all he had really accomplished was buying a little more time. The battle had succeeded in repelling the Federals from much of Virginia, which contained the important capital of the Confederacy at Richmond. However, Lee knew it wold only be a matter of time before the powerful Federal host moved south again. Lee...

Term Paper on Martin Van Buren Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On Martin Van Buren - Term Paper Example He had a very busy life following in the footsteps of other leaders. Yet, his life did not begin that way. Initially, Van Buren resided from a humble home. He was descended from a Dutch background, the son of a farmer and a tavernkeeper in Kinderhook, New York (Martin Van Buren, 2010). What inspired him to become a politician stemmed from his career as a lawyer. Van Buren got into New York politics and climbed his way up to become the â€Å"Albany Regency,† which was an effective political organization in New York (Martin Van Buren, 2010). He utilized his position in his favor by commencing actions that were considered shrewd in reference to dispensing public offices as well as establishing a system to encourage voters to vote in his favor (Martin Van Buren, 2010). Van Buren did not stop there. He was not a man to settle on just any career, in fact, he set his rights on higher political standings to which he successfully attained. Van Buren was elected into the States Senate i n 1821 (Martin Van Buren, 2010). Since he excelled, he caught the attentions of President Andrew Jackson just six years later. From there, Van Buren became the principal northern leader, then immediately advanced into the position of Secretary of State (Martin Van Buren, 2010). ... Specifically, Van Buren and Calhoun clashed. The solution arose when Calhoun and the Secretary of War, Eaton, resigned, which allowed the rest of the cabinet to follow suit (Martin Van Buren, 2010). This enabled Jackson to appoint a whole new cabinet, thus rendering Van Buren into the position of Vice President through votes brought on by the election in 1836. Beforehand, President Jackson attempted to reward Van Buren’s diligent work and loyalty by making him the Minister to Great Britain, yet this vote was outdone by Calhoun who declared a martyr of Van Buren (Martin Van Buren, 2010). Van Buren’s political life up to the point of 1837 appeared to be nothing less than a series of accomplishments and moments of great pride. After all, he carried himself in immaculate fashion and become the only individual who carried President Jackson’s trust to the extent in which it was given. Shortly after Van Buren announced his course as newly appointed Vice President was de vote himself to the American experiment as an example to the remainder of the world through his Inaugural Address; every thing came to a crashing halt. Trouble ensued in the form of the cyclical economy â€Å"boom and bust† phenomenon (Martin Van Buren, 2010). Karl Marx discovered a pattern to how depressions come about. Before the Industrial Revolution, there were little to no cycles of inflation and recession, which Marx inherited it to mean, that the business cycles were an inherent factor of the capitalist market economy (Rothbard, 1969). The point of understanding the causes and effects of depressions help politicians to uncover the solution. With Van Buren’s case, President Jackson actually contributed to the event by destroying the Second Bank of the

Business Letter and inforaml report Research Proposal

Business Letter and inforaml report - Research Proposal Example Based on the result, we are confident that the problem was not caused by mishandling of our employees. Our daily operation strictly follows Standards for Safekeeping of our stocks and Proper Handling of Customer orders, and our employees assured as of 100% loyalty and sincerity of service. In connection with this matter, I would like to request your good office to look towards this problem, and could you please give us an assurance that the customers will keep the new cookware on that basis instead of returning it for a credit or a refund. Please give us some feedbacks regarding this matter. Your cooperation will be highly appreciated. We are looking forward for more years of working with you. Please call us if you need our help in any way. Yours sincerely, Tammy Martin President - Martin's Department Store Purpose of the Study Re-establish the competitive edge of Phoenix Advertising Agency - Roanoke Branch in Virginia. I. Introduction A. Brief Presentation of the Roanoke's Background B. Presentation of the Objectives C. Presentation of the Problems II. Research Proper The Study will focus on the 5 important factors stated below: A. Conduct Research on Working Force a.1 Are the existing supervisory staff able to perform their duties well a.2. Study on interaction between each staff from executive level down to the lowest level a.2.1 Interaction between department heads and subordinates. a.2.2 Review on each employees work description and job functions. a.2.3 Evaluate each employees productivity ratings. a.3. Provision on Salaries and Wages of the employees. B. Review of Roanoke's Financial Statements b.1 Review of all Expenses Report b.2 Review of Profit Report b.3 Review on Budget Allocation Report C. Staff Training c.1 Conduct study for trainings required by each employee to carry out their task successfully c.2 Review for budget allocation on Staff Training Expenses D. The Company and the People around it d.1 Conduct research of problems arising from the neighboring community d.2 Conduct research on how to maintain the loyalty of clients d.3 Conduct study on the company's competitors background and behavior. E. Facilities Upgrade f.1 Conduct research for new technologies that could be used for the company's ongoing operation. III. Discussion A. Review of related literatures B. Presentation of Critical Analysis of the 5 important factors needed for the company's survival. IV. Proposals and Recommendations A. Presentations of proposals and recommendations B. Presentation of the advantages and disadvantages that the new recommendations could provide V. Conclusion Presentation of the

Gaskell North and South Essay Example for Free

Gaskell North and South Essay Gaskell’s ‘North and South’, set in Victorian England, is the story of Margaret Hale, a young woman whose life is completely turned on its head when her family moves to northern England. As an outsider from the agricultural south, Margaret is initially shocked by the aggressive northerners of the dirty, smoky industrial town of Milton, but as she adapts to her new home, she defies social conventions with her ready sympathy and defense of the working poor. Her passionate advocacy of the lower classes leads her to repeatedly clash with charismatic mill owner John Thornton over his treatment of his workers. While Margaret denies her growing attraction to him, Thornton agonizes over his foolish passion for her, in spite of their heated disagreements. As tensions mount between them, a violent unionization strike explodes in Milton, leaving everyone to deal with the aftermath in the town and in their personal lives. Gaskell’s novel could certainly be described as a social commentary; England at the time was extremely class-conscious, yet In almost all cases, Margaret does not so much choose sides as acknowledge mutually dependent and beneficial relationships. Though her family has very little in the way of money or assets, her family roots are in the gentry, yet when the family is moved up North to Milton, Margaret befriends and socializes with both ends of the social spectrum, mill owners and workers. Margaret is even capable of initiating a friendship of sorts between worker and owner, Higgins and Thornton even come up with a plan together to provide a canteen for the workers to get hot food. Differences in life in the South and life in the North are compared and contrasted often in a very subtle fashion, as are the differences in values and class structure. It is also very interesting to note that the difficulties of the lives of the impoverished factory workers are highlighted, however the difficulties faced by the factory owners are also presented. Through Margaret, Gaskell is able to transcend social class and at the same time create a hero amongst the industrial poverty of Milton, she acts in a way that would have been unconventional and frowned upon at the time for the good of such people as the Higgins family. When she is seen bringing a basket of food to the house during the workers strike, her peers condemn her at a dinner at the Thornton’s. Highlighting both the differences between northern and southern culture and the clashes between social conscientiousness. It could be said that ‘North and South’ is a novel defined by the resolution of binary conflicts; Margaret Hale is presented with a number of divisions of sympathy, between industrialists and the working class, between conflicting views of Mr.  Thornton, and even between her conflicting views of her own intelligence. Nancy Mann, in her essay â€Å"Intelligence and Self-Awareness in ‘North and South’: a Matter of Sex and Class† stipulates that the novel â€Å"concentrates on a crucial problem of the development of the novel in the nineteenth century, the relationship between abstract intelligence and self-awareness, and the ways in which this relationship may be affected by factors of sex and class†(1). What Mann is saying is that Gaskell is successful in throwing off the conventional boundaries of the classic romantic Victorian with all its feminist connotations and persuasions and has created a character that transcends the constraints of class and what is proper to actually do some good in her new environment. Gaskell’s most prominent social explorations however come in the form of contrasts. For example Margaret’s relationship with the Higgins family, especially Bessie, both nineteen years old when they meet, one healthy and the other gravely ill can be seen as a dramatic comment on class iniquity. Gaskell uses Bessie as a dramatic device in the novel to draw Margaret and her father closer, a task some literary critics consider to be so well done that Bessie is often discounted from the actual story. She is also a device to show the plight of the working class woman, Bessie is even described by one critic as ‘the most extensive portrait of a factory girl in the mainstream industrial novels, and as such, she reveals the political and economic tensions surrounding working class women'(2). Even Margaret says â€Å"Bessie’s comments address the specific problems of working-class women, problems that both unions and the middle class have an interest in ignoring. Even when Bessie’s religious beliefs and her questioning of unionism are considered she is very revealing, Margaret sees her as having â€Å"a politics of her own† which both reveals her sense of disenfranchisement from the ongoing struggle between masters and men and presents the most telling evidence in the novel of the iniquities of the class system. Something else that has to be considered in this scenario with Bessie as a dramatic tool towards Gaskell’s social commentary Elizabeth Gaskells North and south: A National Bildungsroman. Victorian Newsletter 85 (1994) Briefly traces the emergence of and critical debate on the industrial novel, noting the industrial novels have been read largely in relation to male working-class history, not in relation to female working-class history or to the emerging nineteenth-century womens movement. The critic also goes on to stipulate that the comments on the patriarchal foundations of both Chartism and the union movement makes a case for the need to consider Marxist and feminist issues when considering the issues raised in north and south. He goes on to suggest that by placing her heroine, Margaret Hale, between North and South, Gaskell attempts to bring to the surface the unconscious bifurcations that produce class and gender ideologies and that because the novel is both a Bildungsroman as well as an industrial novel it acquires unusual dimensions in both categories(3). Feminism also plays a big part in Gaskell’s novel, through her three main characters, Margaret, Thornton and Higgins Gaskell shows a struggle for growth and indicates what the future of society may hold for people in similar situations and how society can grow as a whole. When the novel is examined as a debate on class and gender issues, the amount of time the characters spend arguing about word choices, definitions and analogies it is clear that almost all interactions in the novel are affected in some way by gender or class, even in language, every term that comes under debate is changed with class or gender import(4). With this much importance forced upon the character’s class and gender by their social environment a reader is certainly inclined to read the novel as an exploration into the Victorian class system rather than a conventional love story of the time. Even in Margaret’s romantic capacity as a woman, her gradual sexual awareness of John Thornton and their Marriage at the end of the novel is more understandable to read in a more feminist light than a romantic one. In marrying Thornton Margaret enters into a mutually equal relationship, one where her influence and goals will be felt as well as his, through Margaret, Gaskell subtly reveals the new directions women are taking toward independent action and freedom(5). However at the same time recognizing that the changes she undergoes are in no way revolutionary and that though the conflicting ideas of obedience and freedom are not completely settled by the end of the novel, at least one woman has emerged into responsible adulthood and has claimed her part in deciding the terms of that settlement(6). What is most interesting about this novel is that all the elements of a romantic novel are there, but it is written in a way that turns the readers head from the sentimental pride and prejudice Esq. prose and makes them focus on the environment and its social deficiencies â€Å"through this story of social rejection and Christian compassion, Gaskell charges her culture to replace what she sees as a rigid and reductive old testament ethic of charity(7). This idea of a old to new change in a religious sense is also backed by Gaskell’s own Unitarian background, her father was a Unitarian minister, as was her husband, Margaret’s father in the novel itself is also a minister it could even be suggested that Gaskells beliefs provided her with an alternative vision of society and code of behavior(8) the importance of Gaskells religious beliefs and Unitarianism can be found in many aspects of the novel, not least that Unitarianism believed in the cultivation of the intellect regardless of sex, she found the religious authority to challenge the patriarchal subjugation of women, especially those who failed to fulfill their designated role in society. It is ironic to think; in a period nearly defined by its theological doubt, Gaskells spiritual faith authorizes her revolutionary vision(9). When Mr. Thornton, without further verbal explication, proposes to Margaret in a â€Å"strange and presumptuous way† at the end of the novel, we see the proper structure of an intimate relationship, both sides respect each other’s power while Thornton refuses to impose a political hierarchy. This is emphasized by the exchange over the flowers, which he bought as a token of her independent self, which is a revolutionary idea in itself at this point in history and conversely, gives rise to his second comment referring to marriage as possession, saying he had â€Å"no hope of ever calling her mine†, and the second refutation of such terms. Although the novel does not strive at any point to be romantic at the expense of the real issues that Gaskell tackles in the way people lived at the time, their unspoken resolution to marry signifies the resolution of the novel the binding of two genders, halves of England, social classes, and individuals, into one. In conclusion Gaskell is very successful in going further than any of her peers in actually exploring deficiencies in Victorian culture and society, although the main components of a classic love story are there, Margaret opts for the conscientious, religious option at every turn making the novel more a serious social commentary than anything else. Gaskell’s religious persuasion adds to this in that it allows her to transcend the class system and her constraints as a woman in Victorian England to address these problems under the banner of religion.

The Selfish Gene Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

The Selfish Gene "We are survival machines—robot vehicles blindly programmed to preserve selfish molecules known as genes." -- Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (1). Can genes alone determine your DNA's place in the next generation? Are humans simply vessels for these genes? With his provoking work entitled The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins attempts to answer such questions as he proposes a shift in the evolutionary paradigm. Working through the metaphor of a "selfish gene", Dawkins constructs an evolutionary model using a gene as the fundamental unit of selection, opposed to the more commonly accepted belief of the species as the unit of selection. This "selfish gene", possessing a certain selfish emotional nature, acts as an independent entity fighting to ensure its replication in future generations, maximizing its number of descendents (2). Those successful in replicating have made the most of their given environment (1). For the interests of this paper, is it valid to assume that natural selection occurs at the level of DNA? Hence, what can be implied about genetic predispositions? For Dawkins, evolution of a species is dependent upon the transmittance of this information to the next generation; the individual species is irrelevant (2). This theory is a departure from Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, which concentrates on the species. Species, to Dawkins, are "survival machines" whose purpose is to host these genes, as species are mortals and fleeting, whereas genes are not (2). Is it valid to assume Dawkins position that humans are merely "robot vehicles"? This concept, alienating emotion, physical, and cultural growth from evolution, can be startling. By placing the importance of natural selec... ... , The opening pages of and selections from Dawkins work http://www.world-of-dawkins.com/Dawkins<br>/Work/Books/selfpage.htm 2)The Selfish Gene Theory, Explanatory site providing overview of theory http://bovination.com/cbs/selfishGene%20Theory.jsp 3) The Selfish Gene?" Reason in Revolt , Genetic issues and Dawkins discussed http://www.marxist.com/rircontents.asp Works Consulted 4) In Defense of Selfish Genes , Dawkins refute to claims made about his theory by Mary Midgely http://www.royalinstitutephilosophy.org/articles/dawkins_genes.htm 5) Selfish Genes and Social Darwinism , Counterarguments for Selfish Gene Theory http://www.royalinstitutephilosophy.org/articles/%20midgley_genes.htm 6) The Selfish Gene: The Underpinnings of Narcissism , Further discussion and implications on Selfish Gene Theory http://samvak.tripod.com/journal43.

Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategy Essay

Why study consumer behaviour? †¢ By studying consumer behaviour we try to understand & gain insight into: – Consumer decision making processes – What we buy, how we buy, and why we buy †¢ Enables us to become better consumers and marketers Definitions of Consumer Behaviour †¢ The study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use and dispose of products, services, experiences or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. †¢ The dynamic interaction of cognition, behaviour and environmental events by which human beings conduct the exchange aspects of their lives (American Marketing Association) †¢ Those behaviours performed by decision-making units in the purchase, usage and disposal of goods and services (Kotler & Levy) †¢ The decision process and physical activity individuals engage in when evaluating, acquiring, using or disposing of goods and services (London & Della Bitta) Application of Consumer Behavior Marketing Strategy/ regulatory Policy/Social Marketing/Informed Individual Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Strategy Cross Cultural Variations in Consumer Behavior Culture is the most pervasive external force on an individual’s consumption behavior. It would be difficult to overlook the importance of culture as a motivator of consumer behavior. The attitude people possess, the values they hold dear, the lifestyles they enjoy and the interpersonal behavior patterns they adopt are the outcomes of the cultural settings. Failure to carefully consider cultural differences is often responsible for monumental marketing failure. The concept of Culture Culture is the complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society. ââ€" ª First, culture is a comprehensive concept. It includes almost everything that influences an individual’s thought processes and behaviors. ââ€" ª Second, culture is acquired. It does not include inherited responses and predispositions. Much of human behavior is learned rather than innate, culture does not affect a wide array of behaviors. ââ€" ª Third, the complexity of modern societies is such that culture seldom provides detailed prescriptions for appropriate behavior. Culture provides boundaries within which most individual think and act. ââ€" ª Finally, the nature of cultural influences is such that we are seldom aware of them. One think behave, feels in a manner consistent with other members of the same culture because it seems â€Å"natural† or â€Å"right† to do. The boundaries that culture sets on behavior are called Norms which are simple rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specific situations Norms are derived from Cultural Value, widely held beliefs that shared standards of what is acceptable or unacceptable, good or bad, desirable or undesirable. Violation of cultural norms results in sanctions, or penalties ranging from mild social disapproval to banishment from the group. Variations in cultural values †¢ Cultural values are widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. A useful approach to understanding cultural variations in behavior is to understand the values embraced by different cultures. The classifications of cultural values 1. Other oriented[Individual/Collective, Youth/Age, extended/Limited Family, Masculine/feminine, Competitive/Cooperative, Diversity/Uniformity] 2. Environmental oriented [ Cleanliness, Performance/Status, Tradition/Change, Risk Taking/Security, Problem solving/Fatalistic, Nature] 3. Self-oriented [ Active/Passive, Sensual gratification/Abstinence, Material/Nonmaterial, Hard work/Leisure, Postponed gratification/immediate gratification, Religious/Secular] The use people make of space and the meaning they assign to their use of space constitute a second form of nonverbal communication. In America, the office space in corporations generally is allocated according to rank and prestige rather than need. A second major use of space is personal space. It is the nearest that others can come to anyone in various situations without feeling uncomfortable Symbols A symbol may be defined as the sign or representation of something moral or intellectual by the images or properties of natural things as† the Lion the symbol of courage†. Different studies on cultures identified two types of symbols used by people in communicating among them, they are 1. Referential symbol 2. Expressive symbol Relationship The rights and obligations imposed by friendship are another nonverbal communication variable. Americans, more so than most other cultures, make friends quickly and easily and drop them easily also. To most Asian and Latin Americans, good personal relations and feeling are all that really matter in a long term agreement. Americans negotiate a contract, the Japanese negotiate a relationship. In many countries, the written word is used simple to satisfy legalities. In their eyes, emotion and personal relations are more important than cold facts. Agreement Americans rely on an extensive and generally, highly efficient legal system for ensuring that business obligations are honored and for resolving disagreements. Many other cultures have not developed such system and rely instead on friendship and local moral, principles, or informal customs to guide business conduct. In many developed counties, prices are uniform for all buyers, but in some Asian and Middle East countries, the procedure is different Things The cultural meaning of things leadfs to purchase patterns that one would not otherwise predicts. The different meaning that cultures attached to things, including products, make gift giving a particular difficult task. Etiquette Etiquette represents generally accepted ways of behaving in social situations. Behaviors considered rude or obnoxious in one culture may be quite acceptable in another. Normal voice tone, pitch and speed of speech differ between culture and languages as do the use of gestures. For example, a Japanese executive will seldom say â€Å"No† directly during negotiations, as this would be considered impolite. Considerations in approaching a foreign market ââ€" ª Is the geographic area Homogeneous or heterogeneous with respect to culture? ââ€" ª What needs can this product or a version of it fill in this culture? ââ€" ª Can enough of the people needing the product afford it? ââ€" ª What values or patterns of values are relevant to the purchase and use of this product? ââ€" ª What are the distribution, political, and legal structures for the product? ââ€" ª In what way can we communicate about the product? ââ€" ª What are the Ethical implications of marketing this product in this country? http://www.somewhereinblog.net/blog/alihusainkaisar/29525858 http://www.somewhereinblog.net/blog/abdullah_muslim2010/29411963 ———————– OUTCOMES: Individual/ Firm/ Society CONSUMER DECISION PROCESS: Problem recognition/Information search/Alternative evaluation/Purchase/ Use/ Evaluation MARKETING STRATEGY: Product/Price/Distribution/Promotion/Service MARKET SEGMENTATION: Identify product related need sets/ Group customer with similar need sets/ Describe each group/ Select attractive segment(s) to target MARKET ANALYSIS: Company/Competitors/ Conditions/Consumers